Acute and Chronic Diarrhea

Diarrhea means that you have loose, watery stools more than three times in one day. You may also have cramps, bloating, nausea and an urgent need to have a bowel movement.

Causes of diarrhea include bacteria, viruses or parasites, certain medicines, food intolerances and diseases that affect the stomach, small intestine or colon. In many cases, no cause can be found.

Although usually not harmful, diarrhea can become dangerous or signal a more serious problem. You should talk to your doctor if you have a strong pain in your abdomen or rectum, a fever, blood in your stools, severe diarrhea for more than three days or symptoms of dehydration. If your child has diarrhea, do not hesitate to call the doctor for advice. Diarrhea can be dangerous in children.

Allergic Rhinitis

An allergy is a reaction of your immune system to something that does not bother most other people. People who have allergies often are sensitive to more than one thing. Substances that often cause reactions are:
Pollen
Dust mites
Mold spores
Pet dander
Food
Insect stings
Medicines

How do you get allergies?

Scientists think both genes and the environment have something to do with it. Normally, your immune system fights germs. It is your body’s defense system. In most allergic reactions, however, it is responding to a false alarm.
Allergies can cause a runny nose, sneezing, itching, rashes, swelling or asthma. Symptoms vary. Although allergies can make you feel bad, they usually won’t kill you. However, a severe reaction called anaphylaxis is life-threatening.
Symptoms can include
Sneezing, often with a runny or clogged nose
Coughing and postnasal drip
Itching eyes, nose and throat
Dark circles under the eyes
Taking medicines, using nasal sprays and rinsing out your nose can relieve symptoms. Allergy shots can help make you less sensitive to pollen and provide long-term relief.

Amenorrhea

Amenorrhea is the medical term for the absence of menstrual periods, either on a permanent or temporary basis. Amenorrhea can be classified as primary or secondary. In primary amenorrhea, menstrual periods have never begun (by age 16), whereas secondary amenorrhea is defined as the absence of menstrual periods for three consecutive cycles or a time period of more than six months in a woman who was previously menstruating.

The menstrual cycle can be influenced by many internal factors such as transient changes in hormonal levels, stress, and illness, as well as external or environmental factors. Missing one menstrual period is rarely a sign of a serious problem or an underlying medical condition, but amenorrhea of longer duration may signal the presence of a disease or chronic condition.

What causes amenorrhea?
The normal menstrual cycle occurs because of changing levels of hormones made and secreted by the ovaries. The ovaries respond to hormonal signals from the pituitary gland located at the base of the brain, which is, in turn, controlled by hormones produced in the hypothalamus of the brain. Disorders that affect any component of this regulatory cycle can lead to amenorrhea. However, a common cause of amenorrhea in young females sometimes overlooked or misunderstood by the individual and others, is an undiagnosed pregnancy. Amenorrhea in pregnancy is a normal physiological function. Occasionally, the same underlying problem can cause or contribute to either primary or secondary amenorrhea. For example, hypothalamic problems, anorexia or extreme exercise can play a major role in causing amenorrhea depending on the age of the person and if she has experienced menarche. short length wedding garments in white color

Anemia

If you have anemia, your blood does not carry enough oxygen to the rest of your body. The most common cause of anemia is not having enough iron. Your body needs iron to make hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is an iron-rich protein that gives the red color to blood. It carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body.

Your iron might be too low because of

Heavy periods
Pregnancy
Ulcers
Colon polyps or colon cancer
Inherited disorders
A diet that does not have enough iron, folic acid or vitamin B 12
Blood disorders such as sickle cell anemia and thalassemia, or cancer
Aplastic anemia, a condition that can be inherited or acquired
Anemia can make you feel weak, cold, dizzy and irritable. It is confirmed with a blood test. Treatment depends on the kind of anemia you have.

Atopic Dermatitis Eczema

Eczema is a term for several different types of skin swelling. Eczema is also calleddermatitis. It is not dangerous, but most types cause red, swollen and itchy skin. Factors that can cause eczema include other diseases, irritating substances, allergies and your genetic makeup. Eczema is not contagious.
The most common type of eczema is atopic dermatitis. It is an allergic condition that makes your skin dry and itchy. It is most common in babies and children.
Eczema is a chronic disease. You can prevent some types of eczema by avoiding irritants, stress, and the things you are allergic to.

Atrophic Vaginitis (Vaginal dryness )

Vaginal dryness is present when the tissues of the vagina are no longer well-lubricated and healthy. When these symptoms are caused by a decreased amount of estrogen in a woman’s body, this problem is called atrophic vaginitis.

Causes
Atrophic vaginitis is caused by a decrease in estrogen.
Estrogen keeps the tissues of the vagina lubricated and healthy. Normally, the lining of the vagina makes a clear, lubricating fluid. This fluid makes sexual intercourse more comfortable. It also helps decrease vaginal dryness.

If estrogen levels drop off, the vaginal tissue shrinks and becomes thinner. This causes dryness and inflammation.

Estrogen levels normally drop after menopause. The following may also cause estrogen levels to drop:

Medicines or hormones used in the treatment of breast cancer, endometriosis, fibroids, or infertility.
Surgery to remove the ovaries
Radiation treatment to the pelvic area
Chemotherapy.
Severe stress, depression, or intense exercise.
Some women develop this problem right after childbirth or while breastfeeding. Estrogen levels are lower at these times.

The vagina can also become further irritated from soaps, laundry detergents, lotions, perfumes, or douches. Certain medicines, smoking, tampons, and condoms may also cause or worsen vaginal dryness.

Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), also called benign enlargement of the prostate (BEP), adenofibromyomatous hyperplasia and benign prostatic hypertrophy, is an increase in size of the prostate.

BPH involves hyperplasia of prostatic stromal and epithelial cells, resulting in the formation of large, fairly discrete nodules in the periurethral region of the prostate. When sufficiently large, the nodules compress the urethral canal to cause partial, or sometimes virtually complete, obstruction of the urethra, which interferes with the normal flow of urine. It leads to symptoms of urinary hesitancy, frequent urination, dysuria (painful urination), increased risk of urinary tract infections, and urinary retention. Although prostate specific antigen levels may be elevated in these patients because of increased organ volume and inflammation due to urinary tract infections, BPH does not lead to cancer or increase the risk of cancer.[citation needed]

BPH involves hyperplasia (an increase in the number of cells) rather than hypertrophy (a growth in the size of individual cells), but the two terms are often used interchangeably, even amongst urologists.[1]

Adenomatous prostatic growth is believed to begin at approximately age 30 years. An estimated 50% of men have histologic evidence of BPH by age 50 years and 75% by age 80 years; in 40–50% of these men, BPH becomes clinically significant.[2]

Beri-beri

Beriberi is a disease in which the body does not have enough thiamine (vitamin B1).

Causes
There are two major types of beriberi:
Wet beriberi affects the cardiovascular system.
Dry beriberi and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome affect the nervous system.

Beriberi is rare in the United States because most foods are now vitamin enriched. If you eat a normal, healthy diet, you should get enough thiamine. Today, beriberi occurs mostly in patients who abuse alcohol. Drinking heavily can lead to poor nutrition, and excess alcohol makes it harder for the body to absorb and store thiamine.

A rare condition known as genetic beriberi is inherited (passed down through families). People with genetic beriberi lose the ability to absorb thiamine from foods. This can happen slowly over time and symptoms occur when the person is an adult. However, because doctors may not consider beriberi in nonalcoholics, this diagnosis is often missed.

Beriberi can occur in breast-fed infants when the mother’s body is lacking in thiamine. The condition can also affect infants who are fed unusual formulas that don’t have enough thiamine.

Getting dialysis and taking high doses of diuretics raise your risk of beriberi.

Bronchial Asthma

Asthma is a chronic disease that affects your airways. Your airways are tubes that carry air in and out of your lungs. If you have asthma, the inside walls of your airways become sore and swollen. That makes them very sensitive, and they may react strongly to things that you are allergic to or find irritating. When your airways react, they get narrower and your lungs get less air.
Symptoms of asthma include:
Wheezing
Coughing, especially early in the morning or at night
Chest tightness
Shortness of breath
Not all people who have asthma have these symptoms. Having these symptoms doesn’t always mean that you have asthma. Your doctor will diagnose asthma based on lung function tests, your medical history, and a physical exam. You may also have allergy tests.

When your asthma symptoms become worse than usual, it’s called an asthma attack. Severe asthma attacks may require emergency care, and they can be fatal.

Asthma is treated with two kinds of medicines: quick-relief medicines to stop asthma symptoms and long-term control medicines to prevent symptoms.

Bronchitis

Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes, the airways that carry air to your lungs. It causes a cough that often brings up mucus, as well as shortness of breath, wheezing, and chest tightness. There are two main types of bronchitis: acute and chronic.

The same viruses that cause colds and the flu often cause acute bronchitis. These viruses spread through the air when people cough, or through physical contact (for example, on unwashed hands). Being exposed to tobacco smoke, air pollution, dusts, vapors, and fumes can also cause acute bronchitis. Bacteria can also cause acute bronchitis, but not as often as viruses.

Most cases of acute bronchitis get better within several days. But your cough can last for several weeks after the infection is gone. If you think you have acute bronchitis, see your healthcare provider.
Treatments include rest, fluids, and aspirin (for adults) or acetaminophen to treat fever. A humidifier or steam can also help. You may need inhaled medicine to open your airways if you are wheezing. You probably do not need antibiotics. They don’t work against viruses – the most common cause of acute bronchitis. If your healthcare provider thinks you have a bacterial infection, he or she may prescribe antibiotics.

Burns

A burn is damage to your body’s tissues caused by heat, chemicals, electricity, sunlight or radiation. Scalds from hot liquids and steam, building fires and flammable liquids and gases are the most common causes of burns. Another kind is an inhalation injury, caused by breathing smoke.

There are three types of burns:
First-degree burns damage only the outer layer of skin
Second-degree burns damage the outer layer and the layer underneath
Third-degree burns damage or destroy the deepest layer of skin and tissues underneath
Burns can cause swelling, blistering, scarring and, in serious cases, shock and even death. They also can lead to infections because they damage your skin’s protective barrier. Treatment for burns depends on the cause of the burn, how deep it is, and how much of the body it covers. Antibiotic creams can prevent or treat infections. For more serious burns, treatment may be needed to clean the wound, replace the skin, and make sure the patient has enough fluids and nutrition.

Cancer and Tumor Formation

Cancer begins in your cells, which are the building blocks of your body. Normally, your body forms new cells as you need them, replacing old cells that die. Sometimes this process goes wrong. New cells grow even when you don’t need them, and old cells don’t die when they should. These extra cells can form a mass called a tumor. Tumors can be benign or malignant. Benign tumors aren’t cancer while malignant ones are. Cells from malignant tumors can invade nearby tissues. They can also break away and spread to other parts of the body.

Most cancers are named for where they start. For example, lung cancer starts in the lung, and breast cancer starts in the breast. The spread of cancer from one part of the body to another is called metastasis. Symptoms and treatment depend on the cancer type and how advanced it is. Treatment plans may include surgery, radiation and/or chemotherapy.

Cataract

A cataract is a clouding of the lens in your eye. It affects your vision. Cataracts are very common in older people. By age 80, more than half of all Americans either have a cataract or have had cataract surgery.

A cataract can occur in either or both eyes. It cannot spread from one eye to the other. Common symptoms are:
Blurry vision
Colors that seem faded
Glare – headlights, lamps or sunlight may seem too bright. You may also see a halo around lights.
Not being able to see well at night
Double vision
Frequent prescription changes in your eye wear
Cataracts usually develop slowly. New glasses, brighter lighting, anti-glare sunglasses or magnifying lenses can help at first. Surgery is also an option. It involves removing the cloudy lens and replacing it with an artificial lens. Wearing sunglasses and a hat with a brim to block ultraviolet sunlight may help to delay cataracts.

Cervical Ulcer

Popularly known as the wound in the cervix known (erezyone cervicitis) is a common gynecological diseases. Cervicitis.Institution meaning of the word chronic, inflammatory disease of the cervix continuously. Wound (wound cervical), erosion i.e. infected tissue around the cervical region.

The wounds of the cervix (the wound in the cervix) (erezyone cervicitis) is, why?

1-often depending gonorrhea (clap) klamidia, trichomoniasis and HPV infections, the
Bookmark and traumatic sex with two columns,
3-A of the condom and chemical stored cervix placed
Not for 4-on, cervical tears repaired lost

For these reasons, the cervical squamous epithelium (skin) layers of endocervical lost causes (cervical internal channel) that the canal. To change the field This region appears more red blood too. And this is the most affected tissue infection, cervical cords (cervicitis erezyone injury). Sometimes the intestine epithelium (skin) cause the infected tissue stroma disappeared. This is known as cervical ulcers. This causes other problems due to the formation of cysts in the cervix caused naboti. Because endocervical cysts, inflammation of the repair process of the gland ducts Naboti (epithelialization) narrow. Therefore, endocrine glands (mucus) and bosalamaz fluid. Rear Göllenerek naboti produces cysts.
What are the symptoms of cervical injury?

1-Vaginal Discharge: yellow, white, pasty and sticky. This changes consistency discharge current during ovulation is different.
Bleeding or spotting after 2-Relationship
3-intermediate pieces no bleeding: excessive swelling and edema of the cervical epithelium, depending on the internal channel would be increased fragility and easily traumatized. This leads vaginal bleeding spots on the end of the shower, or sex.
4-shot lower back pain coccyx
5 burning urination, frequent urination and urinary retention is difficult. This is due to infection of the cervix, lymph yayilmasindandir (by neighborhood) of the urinary bladder. Honeymoon appear Honeymoon cystitis is for these reasons. Frequent intercourse and extremely alert and trauma to the mouth of the uterus, resulting in the formation of urinary problems.
6 Infertility Infertility causes by 10%, primarily due to the factors listed in the mouth of the uterus, cervix and wounds. The infection and changes in the structure of the sperm (male seed) prevents passage of the uterus.
What is the diagnosis of cervical lesions?

It can be easily diagnosed by the appearance of a regular gynecological exam. Before starting treatment should be taken (malignant) malicious smear to check for an event that slept. Biopsy suspicious areas can occur. Anecdotal cases of doubt, colposcopy or positive HPV status should be monitored vascular and biopsy. Treatment of passing the test, you must wait for the results.
What should I do to prevent cervical injury?

1-suspect and have sex with people you do not know. Particularly gonorrhea (clap) men
2-At birth, the cervix should not break the waiting period. When medical personnel (doctor or midwife) is a big responsibility. Even if you need to repair broken, bleeding occurs in the cervix. Meanwhile, some of our patients have torn cervix, where it is said that during the rise to the formation of the head, vagina and perineum during childbirth (in the anus to the vaginal area) to cut (episiotomy) facilitate really meant “I think the teachers say built in memory of the birth.” should also be noted that this is not the place over the mouth of the uterus.
Necessarily the best 3-neglected infections should be treated during the acute phase.
4 buffer, chemicals should not be used.
5-vaginal washing with water and soap. The normal vaginal pH, because this process (acid) for opportunistic infections broke make referrals to germs.
6-HPV vaccines: HPV vaccines to do between the ages of 9-26. Association with recurring injuries and the risk of cancer in women after 26 years olaraktan vaccination is recommended to delete.